If the dry cough occurs particularly at night, cough syrup with promethazine can be taken in the evening due to its marked sedative effect i.e. Sedilix-DM Linctus, Sedilix-Rx Linctus, Cough-en Linctus and Cough-en Rx Linctus. For dry cough with nasal congestion, a combination of decongestant and antihistamine is recommended, e.g.Examples are codeine, pholcodine, dextromethorphan, noscapine, and butamirate. Antitussives, or cough suppressants, are substances which suppress the coughing itself. Two examples are acetylcysteine and guaifenesin.Also employed are various substances supposed to soften the coughing, like honey or supplement syrup.The efficacy of cough medication is questionable, particularly in children. Examples are paracetamol (acetaminophen) and NSAIDs such as ibuprofen or naproxen. Fever or pain medication. Examples are ephedrine, phenylephrine, pseudoephedrine, and oxymetazoline. Decongestants may improve nasal congestion in a sinus infections. Examples are diphenhydramine, chlorpheniramine, brompheniramine, loratadine, and cetirizine.
They are not recommended in those who have COPD, chronic bronchitis, or the common cold. No over-the-counter cough medicines have been found to be effective in cases of pneumonia. The American College of Chest Physicians emphasizes that cough medicines are not designed to treat whooping cough, a cough that is caused by bacteria and can last for months. Some cough medicines may be no more effective than placebos for acute coughs in adults, including coughs related to upper respiratory tract infections. How much does arma 3 costIt is thus not recommended for children. Some placebo-controlled trials have found that it is ineffective against some forms of cough, including acute cough in children. Codeine was once viewed as the "gold standard" in cough suppressants, but this position is now questioned. However, in children it has not been found to be effective. Dextromethorphan (DXM) may be modestly effective in decreasing cough in adults with viral upper respiratory infections. A 2009 review found that the evidence supporting the effectiveness of zinc is mixed with respect to cough, and a 2011 Cochrane review concluded that zinc "administered within 24 hours of onset of symptoms reduces the duration and severity of the common cold in healthy people". A 2007 review states that, "alternative therapies (i.e., Echinacea, vitamin C, and zinc) are not recommended for treating common cold symptoms however.Vitamin C prophylaxis may modestly reduce the duration and severity of the common cold in the general population and may reduce the incidence of the illness in persons exposed to physical and environmental stresses." A 2014 review also found insufficient evidence for echinacea. Many alternative treatments are used to treat the common cold, though data on effectiveness is generally limited. Honey's use as a cough treatment has been linked on several occasions to infantile botulism and accordingly should not be used in children less than one year old. In light of these findings, the Cochrane study they found honey was better than no treatment, placebo, or diphenhydramine but not better than dextromethorphan for relieving cough symptoms. A Cochrane review found there was weak evidence to recommend for or against the use of honey in children as a cough remedy. Cold syrup overdose has been linked to visual and auditory hallucinations as well as rapid involuntary jaw, tongue, and eye movements in children. The FDA in 2015 warned that the use of codeine-containing cough medication in children may cause breathing problems. Adverse effects A number of accidental overdoses and well-documented adverse effects suggested caution in children. The FDA therefore discourages its use. Sudafed is a brand manufactured by McNeil Laboratories. Most contain a number of active ingredients. Morphine was already known to be addictive.Society and culture Brands Some brand names include: Benilyn, Sudafed, Robitussin and Vicks among others. This was quickly realized not to be true as heroin readily breaks down into morphine in the body. It was, at the time, believed to be a non-addictive alternative to other opiate-containing cough syrups. History Heroin was originally marketed as a cough suppressant in 1898. Varieties may also contain acetaminophen and guaifenesin. Coricidin, Coricidin D, or Coricidin HBP, is the brand name of a combination of dextromethorphan and chlorpheniramine maleate (an antihistamine). New Zealand in 2019 moved it to prescription only. Gee's Linctus is a cough medicine which contains opium tincture. The effectiveness of phenylephrine by mouth as a nasal decongestant is questionable. In 2016, it was one of the biggest selling branded over-the-counter medications sold in Great Britain, with sales of £34.4 million. "Over-the-counter (OTC) medications for acute cough in children and adults in community settings". ^ a b Smith, SM Schroeder, K Fahey, T (24 November 2014). Economics In the United States, several billion dollars are spent on over-the-counter products per year. Codral is the highest-selling cold and flu medication in Australia. "Treatments for subacute cough in primary care: systematic review and meta-analyses of randomised clinical trials". ^ a b Speich, B Thomer, A Aghlmandi, S Ewald, H Zeller, A Hemkens, LG (October 2018). Doi: 10.1016/j.chest.2017.08.009. "Pharmacologic and Nonpharmacologic Treatment for Acute Cough Associated With the Common Cold: CHEST Expert Panel Report". ^ a b Malesker, MA Callahan-Lyon, P Ireland, B Irwin, RS CHEST Expert Cough, Panel. Doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD001831.pub5. "Use of over-the-counter cough and cold medications in children". ^ a b Shefrin and Goldman Goldman, RD (November 2009). Doi: 10.3399/bjgp18X698885. ^ "The Top 300 of 2020". Retrieved 27 November 2009. ^ "FDA panel: No cold medicines to children under 6". Ek dantaya vakratundaya mp3Doi: 10.1136/bmj.324.7333.329. "Systematic review of randomised controlled trials of over the counter cough medicines for acute cough in adults". ^ Knut Schroeder Tom Fahey (2002). Retrieved 27 November 2009. Archived from the original on. ^ Medsafe cough and cold group "Minutes of the Second Cough and Cold Review Group Meeting".
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